Definition
A broad term encompassing any heat-based treatment process applied to wood packaging materials to eliminate pests and reduce moisture. Thermal treatment includes conventional heat treatment (ISPM-15 HT), dielectric heating (microwave/radio frequency), and kiln drying when performed at phytosanitary temperatures. The thermal approach is preferred over chemical fumigation due to its environmental friendliness and broad acceptance in international markets.
Related Terms
Heat Treatment
A phytosanitary treatment method approved under ISPM-15 in which wood packaging material is heated until the core temperature reaches a minimum of 56 degrees Celsius (132.8 degrees Fahrenheit) for at least 30 continuous minutes. Heat treatment kills insects and pathogens without chemicals, making it the preferred method for treating export pallets. Treated wood is stamped with the HT mark as part of the ISPM-15 compliance marking.
Dielectric Treatment
A method of heating wood using microwave or radio-frequency electromagnetic energy to achieve phytosanitary treatment. Dielectric treatment was approved under ISPM-15 as an alternative to conventional heat treatment and methyl bromide fumigation. It heats the wood volumetrically from the inside out, achieving the required 56-degree Celsius core temperature more quickly and uniformly than convection-based kilns. This method is gaining adoption due to its speed and energy efficiency.
Core Temperature
The temperature measured at the center (thickest point) of a piece of wood during heat treatment. Under ISPM-15, the core temperature of wood packaging material must reach at least 56 degrees Celsius (132.8 degrees Fahrenheit) for a minimum of 30 continuous minutes. Monitoring core temperature with calibrated probes is essential for verifying treatment compliance. Failure to achieve the required core temperature means the wood is not properly treated.
ISPM-15
International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15, an international standard developed by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) that governs the treatment of wood packaging materials used in international trade. ISPM-15 requires that wood packaging be debarked and treated by an approved method — primarily heat treatment or methyl bromide fumigation — to prevent the spread of invasive pests and diseases across borders.
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